<p>The District No. 5 School is an historic school building and local history museum at 2 Old Mill Road in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. It is one of two relatively unmodified one-room schoolhouses in the town. Built in 1828, the brick schoolhouse is also one of the oldest surviving school buildings in the state. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The District No. 5 School is located in western Shrewsbury, on the west side of Old Mill Road just south of its junction with Main Street. It is a single-story brick structure, with a gable roof and a stone foundation. It measures about 21 x, with its long axis and roof oriented east–west. The eastern facade houses a single door, which provides access to the building. The north wall has four windows, placed slightly irregularly, while the south wall has only three. The west side has no windows, but also has evidence in the brickwork that there were once two windows. The interior of the school has a vestibule area, which then opens into the classroom. The wall separating the spaces is vertical tongue-and-groove, with an original Federal-period door. The classroom walls are finished in vertical tongue-and-groove wainscoting, with plaster above. Floors appear to be original random-width planking, fastened with cut nails.</p><br>
<p>The town of Shrewsbury, incorporated in 1727, established a district school system in about 1742, and had seven districts by 1792. The present district 5 schoolhouse was built in 1828 on land purchased from Orville Lothrop, whose farmhouse still stands to the northwest across Main Street. The school was funded and maintained by district residents until the state abolished the district system in 1869, after which the school (like the town&#39;s other district schools) was taken over by the town. It remained in use as a public school until 1917, and its ownership apparently reverted to the Lothrops, but was later retaken by the town for nonpayment of taxes. From the 1940s to 1960s it was being used as a residence, and it was restored in the 1970s to a turn-of-the-20th-century appearance. The local historical society purchased the property from the town for $1 in 1974, with stipulations that it be used for exclusively historical purposes. It is now operated by them as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The West Brick School is an historic school building at 1492 Old Turnpike Road in Oakham, Massachusetts. Built about 1827, it is one of the rural community&#39;s few surviving 19th-century brick buildings. It served as a school until 1920, and was thereafter converted to a summer residence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The West Brick School is located in northwestern Oakham, on the north side of Old Turnpike Road, between Scott Road and the Old West Cemetery. The school is a small 1-1/2 story brick structure, with a front-facing gable roof and a stone foundation. The gable ends are finished in wooden clapboards, with a window opening (typically covered by batten shutters) at the center of the south one. The front (south-facing) facade is three bays wide, with the entrance in the left bay, topped by a transom window. Windows are set in all sides except the west side, which has no openings. The interior has a small entry hall, which opens into a single room occupying most of the interior. A storage space along the west wall was probably intended for storage of firewood. The interior has original flooring and walls, including vertical wainscoting and plaster. Interior doors retain original hardward and fastenings. The property includes the remnants of an old outhouse, and an organized roughly dome-shape pile of dressed stone that may have served as a base for a flagpole.</p><br>
<p>The building was built c. 1827 on the site of an 18th-century schoolhouse, with brick that was probably sourced from a brickyard on New Braintree Road. It served as a school until 1920, when it was closed due to declining enrollment. The school underwent a number of alterations during this time, mainly due to state requirements governing school facilities. These were largely limited to improving ventilation during the heating season, and occasionally using shutters to manage light levels in the building. After the school was closed, ownership apparently reverted to the adjacent land owner. In 1936 it was converted into a summer retreat by a Worcester couple, with sensitive attention to its historic character. In 2002 it was purchased by the town.</p><br>
<p>The Piney Creek Site is a prehistoric rock art site located on the north side of Piney Creek in Piney Creek Ravine State Natural Area in Randolph County, Illinois. The site consists of a sandstone outcropping with over 150 petroglyph and pictograph designs, the most at a single known site in Illinois. The designs are divided into four distinct groups; three of these are on the center and ends of the rock shelter&#39;s wall, while the fourth is on a joint block of sandstone within the shelter. Most of the designs were created during the Late Woodland and Mississippian periods, which spanned from 450 to 1550 A.D. a number of the figures were added after 1550. A 1 m tall spear-holding anthropomorph in the western group is the largest individual petroglyph in Illinois. In addition to anthropomorphs, other common designs at the site include zoomorphs, quadrupeds which probably represent deer, and symbols; the quadrupeds and anthropomorphs are frequently depicted in motion. The rock shelter was likely used as a religious site by prehistoric inhabitants, and several of the designs appear to have mystical or spiritual significance; for instance, the winged anthropomorphs likely represent shamans.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Piney Creek South Site is a prehistoric rock art site located on the south side of Piney Creek in Piney Creek Ravine State Natural Area in Randolph County, Illinois. The site consists of two groups of petroglyphs drawn on a sandstone rockshelter. The petroglyphs most likely date from the Late Woodland period, which lasted from 450 to 900 A.D. The larger petroglyph group contains ten designs: four anthropomorphs, a quadruped resembling a deer, three crosses, and two pits. The four designs in the smaller group include two anthropomorphs, a group of pits extending from an anthropomorph&#39;s head, and a pecked area. Several of the anthropomorphs appear to have wings, two are carrying shields or rattles, one appears to have a beak, and one may have a crude penis. The site likely had spiritual significance, and the anthropomorphs may represent shamans, who were frequently depicted with wings in Native American art.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Piney Creek West Site is a prehistoric rock art site located north of Piney Creek in Piney Creek Ravine State Natural Area in Randolph County, Illinois. The site consists of four petroglyphs painted on the inside of a rock shelter and a pictograph painted on the outside. The interior petroglyphs include an abstract shape, two curved lines, and a serpentine line with a pit at one end; two of the petroglyphs are filled in with ochre pigment, representing the only intact example of this painting technique in Illinois. The pictograph, which has deteriorated badly, depicts a human left hand; nearby flecks of paint from an unrecognizably faded figure likely indicate the site of the right hand. The paintings were likely added during the Late Woodland period, which lasted from 450 to 900 A.D. The serpentine figure inside the shelter suggests that the site had spiritual significance, as it resembles other prehistoric rock art depicting shamanic trance states.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Tegtmeyer Site is a prehistoric rock art site located north of Piney Creek in Piney Creek Ravine State Natural Area in Randolph County, Illinois. The site consists of two petroglyphs painted on a sandstone rock shelter. One petroglyph depicts a winged anthropomorph in flight, while the other depicts a winged zoomorph which may also be flying. Based on their similarity to other sites from the period, the petroglyphs at the site most likely date from the Mississippian period. The petroglyphs resemble some of the figures painted at the nearby Piney Creek Site; given that the Tegtmeyer Site was unsuitable for inhabitation, it was most likely used for additional paintings which could not fit at the Piney Creek Site.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 2001.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul Historic District is a national historic district located at St. Paul, Wise County, Virginia. It contains 23 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the central business district of St. Paul. Most contributing resources consist of commercial buildings dating from the 1920s to 1950s. Notable buildings include the Ennis House , Hillman/Ennis House , the old St. Paul Hotel , National Bank building , Gaiety Movie Theater , The Lyric , and Cavalier Theater/ Phillips Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Sunnydale Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Pound, Wise County, Virginia. The complex includes contributing and noncontributing buildings, structures, and sites dating from the 19th century or before to the 1960s. The Sunnydale Farm House, was built about 1919, and is a 1 1/2-story, frame Craftsman bungalow with vinyl and novelty weatherboard siding. Also on the property are the contributing stone well, a ruinous stone and frame root cellar, a frame chicken house, a frame blacksmith shop with a wagon and tractor, and a family cemetery. Other contributing resources are the sites of the Millard cabin and associated root cellar, coal mine openings, and the site of a coal mine tipple and bridge ruins.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Hyde Park, also known as Old Field, Hyde Farmlands, Hyde Farmlands Academy, Hyde Farms, and Hyde Park Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located at Burkeville, Nottoway County, Virginia. The original section was built between 1762 and 1782, and is a three-story, three-bay, brick vernacular Federal style central passage dwelling. It was enlarged between 1840 and 1860. Between 1906 and 1911, a two-story Greek Revival-inspired brick addition was added to the east gable and a three-story Colonial Revival brick addition to the northwest corner. The farm complex also includes the tenant house, kitchen/wash house, ten log chicken houses , dairy barn, six small outbuildings, and the Fowlkes family cemetery. Also on the property is a large, multi-component archaeological site as well as the ruins of brooder houses, additional farm outbuildings, the tenant farmer house site, the cattle barn ruin, the old mill complex site, and the new mill complex site. During the 1930s and early 1940s, the property provided the opportunity for agriculturally skilled Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to immigrate to America and expand the farm&#39;s productivity.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Gate City Historic District is a national historic district located at Gate City, Scott County, Virginia. It contains 47 contributing buildings in the central business district of Gate City. Most contributing resources consist of commercial, residential, and governmental buildings dating from the late-19th and early-20th centuries. They are in a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow. Notable buildings include the Scott County Courthouse , Library , Gate City Movie Theater  only the front facade remains, and Jail .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Gundlach-Grosse House is a historic house located at 625 N. Main St. in Columbia, Illinois. The Greek Revival house was built in 1857 for German immigrants John and Philip Peter Gundlach. The brothers ran a local brewery which remained in their family for four generations, and John Gundlach served as Columbias mayor for four years. The house is a 1 ½-story brick building; its corbeled brick frieze is representative of the decorative brickwork commonly designed by German immigrant builders. The entrance to the house features a classical pediment supported by Ionic columns and cast iron pilasters. Two windows with broken scroll pedimented lintels are situated on each side of the door. The houses gable roof features three gabled dormers on the front and back sides.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Lunsford-Pulcher Archeological Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in rural Monroe and St. Clair counties in Illinois. The site was the location of a Middle Mississippian village which was probably a satellite community of Cahokia. Several pyramidal burial mounds are included in the site. Archaeological excavations at the site have also discovered the remains of houses and garden beds, making the site one of the few Mississippian villages at which garden beds have been found. The site has been known to European settlers since early settlement of the area in the late 18th century; despite being used for farmland, the site remains in good condition.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Charlottesville Coca-Cola Bottling Works is a historic Coca-Cola bottling plant located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1939, and is a two-story, reinforced concrete Art Deco style factory faced with brick. It has one-story wing and a detached one-story, 42-truck brick garage supported by steel posts and wood rafters. The design features stepped white cast stone pilaster caps, rising above the coping of the parapet, top the pilasters and corner piers and large industrial style windows. In 1955 a one-story attached brick addition was made on the east side of the garage providing a bottle and crate storage warehouse. In 1981 a one-story, L-shaped warehouse built of cinder blocks was added to the plant. The building was in use as a production facility until 1973 and then as a Coca-Cola distribution center until 2010.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Young Building is a historic office building located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1916, and is a two-story, five-bay, single pile brick building in the Jacobean Revival style. It has a large rear wing. The main block has a medium-pitched gabled roof with deeply projecting eaves and decoratively shaped rafter ends. It was built to house the offices for the J. S. Young and Company sumac mill across the street. The building was adapted for residential use after 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The White House, also known as Kauffman House, is a historic home located at Luray, Page County, Virginia. It was built about 1760, and is a two-story, three-bay Rhenish stone house covered with stucco. It has a two-room central-chimney plan, consisting of a kuche and stube, with a barrel-vaulted cellar and a large storage loft.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Galemont is a historic home located at Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia. It was built between 1778 and 1817, as a -story, two-room, stone hall-and-parlor-plan residence with a one-room cellar. It was expanded about 1857, and included Federal / Greek Revival-style details. In 1872, a new I-plan house was built less than 20 feet east of the original house, and connected to make one large, multi-period building with transverse center halls. It was further enlarged in 1903, with a connection to the stone kitchen and two-story wing. The later additions added a Folk Victorian style to the house. Also on the property are the contributing garage, silo, old shed, pond, a fieldstone wall , and two archaeological sites: the 1852 Broad Run Train Depot site and an intact segment of the Thoroughfare Gap Road.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Huntland, originally known as New Lisbon, is a historic estate located at Middleburg, Loudoun County, Virginia. The original section was built in 1834, and is a two-story, five-bay, Federal style brick dwelling. It built by master brickmason William Benton Sr., who also constructed nearby Oak Hill, the home of President James Monroe. In 1915, the house was remodeled and enlarged with side one-story brick additions and Colonial Revival-style detailing. The estate was also enhanced with gates, walls, and terraced gardens that are reminiscent of English manor estates and state-of-the-art kennels and horse stables. Also on the property are the contributing spring house, smokehouse, and a guest cottage, all constructed around 1834, and early-20th-century structures that include secondary dwellings, a dairy barn with attached silos and a corncrib, a milking parlor, five sheds, a garage, a pump house, and a cistern.</p><br>
<p>The Huntland estate was once devoted primarily to foxhunting, a sport that reinvigorated the economy of the region in the early-20th century. Between 1955 and 1963, the estate was owned by George R. Brown and Herman Brown of Houston, Texas, and Huntland became a retreat for notable Washington dignitaries including Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1962, secret international negotiations were conducted at Huntland that resulted in the New York Agreement between Indonesia, the Netherlands and the United Nations centering on the future of Western New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Lovettsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia. It contains 174 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in a primarily residential section of Lovettsville. Most contributing resources consist of residences and associated outbuildings dating from the early-19th to early-20th centuries. They are vernacular interpretations of a variety of popular architectural styles including Federal, Queen Anne, Italianate, Romanesque, and Bungalow. Notable resources include the Lovettsville Union Cemetery, First German Reformed Church site and cemetery, New Jerusalem Lutheran Church  and cemetery, Union Cemetery, African-American Methodist Episcopal Church  and cemetery, Presbyterian cemetery, Lovettsville Masonic Lodge , former Grubbs Store , former Red Men&#39;s Lodge , and Willard Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Lovettsville HD VA1.jpgLovettsville Historic District, September 2012</p><br>
<p>LOVETTSVILLE HISTORIC DIST., LOUDOUN COUNTY, VA.jpgWillard Hall</p><br>
<p>LOVETTSVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT, LOUDOUN COUNTY.jpgGerman Reformed Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The Lancaster Mills are a 19th-century complex of predominantly brick mill buildings at the corner of Green and Chestnut Streets, near the center of Clinton, Massachusetts. Founded in 1844 by a group led by Erastus and Horatio Bigelow, the Lancaster Mills were the first major mill to produce gingham fabrics. Its success in the 1840s led to the establishment of the town of Clinton out of Lancaster. The 29 acre complex was expanded regularly throughout the 19th century and was used for textile manufacturing into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Mills, and the Tenement houses adjacent to the Mills, were built by William T. Merrifield, a contractor from nearby Worcester Massachusetts. Merrifield won the contract in 1844 and completed the construction in 1848. During those four years he lived in Clinton.</p><br>
<p>The mill complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Searles Hill Cemetery is a historic cemetery near the junction of Searles Hill Road and Old Queen Lake Road in Phillipston, Massachusetts. Established in 1777 on land donated by an early settler for the purpose in 1759, it is the town&#39;s oldest cemetery. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Searles Hill Cemetery is located in rural southern Phillipston, on 3.3 acre on the east side of Searles Hill Road north of its junction with Old Queen Lake Road; the latter is historically part of a major east-west route through the area. The cemeter is roughly rectangular in shape, with 330 ft of road frontage lined by a stone wall of cut granite about 4 ft high. The wall is set off from the road by a row of mature maple trees, and has a single entry gate flanked by granite posts. Fieldstone walls line the other three sides of the property. There is no formal circulation pattern within the cemetery grounds, with most markers arrayed generally in lines, grouped by family. There is one family plot, that of the Stratton family, that is set off by a steel rail fence with granite posts. Most of the cemetery&#39;s 98 markers are made of slate or marble; the oldest dated marker is from 1777.</p><br>
<p>Phillipston was originally part of Templeton, which was settled about 1750 and incorporated in 1762. Phillipston was separated from Templeton in 1786 as the town of Gerry, and was renamed Phillipston in 1814. The land for this cemetery was donated to the community in 1759 by Charles Baker, one of the first settlers in the area. It is the burial site of other early settlers, including members of the White family, and of at least four documented American Revolutionary War veterans.</p><br>
<p>Woodlawn Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Woodlawn Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The oldest portion was laid out in 1853 by Joshua Thissell in the rural cemetery style popular at the time, and was one of the first municipal projects following the towns incorporation. It occupies a hilly parcel of over 33 acre, about 1 mi from the center of town. It was expanded twice, in the 1890s and in the 1920s. Prominent burials include Erastus and Horatio Bigelow, the towns early leading businessmen.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Spivey Building is a 12-story skyscraper located at 417 Missouri Avenue in East St. Louis, Illinois. Built in 1927 by newspaper owner Allen Spivey, the building is the only skyscraper ever constructed in East St. Louis. Architect Albert B. Frankel designed the building in the Commercial style. The buildings design features terra cotta spandrels separating its windows vertically and brick pier dividing its window bays. The asymmetrical entrance is surrounded by decorative marble piers, and the first two stories are separated from the rest of the building by a cornice and sill. The top of the building features a two-story parapet with terra cotta surrounds at each window and seven capitals at its peak. During the height of East St. Louis prosperity through the 1950s, the building housed the offices of professionals in many fields who were considered among the best in the city. However, the building became a victim of the city&#39;s steep economic decline and has been abandoned for several decades. The building’s last tenant moved in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Drumm Institute was an orphanage for boys near Independence, Missouri. Built on a 370-acre working farm, it provided a means of support and education for disadvantaged boys starting in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm, the founder of the Drumm Institute, was a successful cattle rancher who had made his fortune in California, Texas, and Oklahoma. Married but childless, he always helped the lesser privileged, especially children. The idea of the Institute was outlined in his will. His will described the creation of "a home, school and farm for orphaned or indigent boys." Drumm died in 1919, but he had drawn up his will in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm acquired a farm in 1912 to form the basis of his plan to instill self-respect and agriculture skill in indigent boys that would come under the care of the institute. Issues with settling his estate after his death in 1919 delayed the opening of the institute until 1929. The Institute was self-supporting through a combination of the endowment from Andrew Drumm, and use of the farm output for food and revenue. The boys had farm and house chores to perform that matched their age and abilities, they and received a small allowance and any profit from their 4-H farm-based projects. The boys&#39; education was a combination of schooling at the institute and well as off-site education at local schools. The institute hosted about 20 boys per year until 1944, when expanded facilities allowed an average of 35 per year, with another expansion in the 1960s leading to a peak of nearly 54 boys in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Expansion in the 1970s, changes in child labor laws, state licensing requirements and additional regulations limited the institute&#39;s ability to be self-sustaining through production and preparation of home grown food. After several failed attempts at re-purposing, an agreement permitting the development of a golf course on the grounds provided a new source of revenue. The institute is currently known as the Drumm Farm Center for Children.</p><br>
<p>One famous alumni of the institute, Richard Rhodes, wrote about his experiences there in his book A Hole in the World: An American Boyhood (1990).</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm Institute was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 3, 2006. It is a historic district consisting of 10 contributing buildings, primarily the living quarters and classrooms for the boys. After the institute&#39;s change away from farming, many of the farm buildings and fencing deteriorated and were removed. A golf course has been built on 209 acres of the surrounding land.</p><br>
<p>The South Union School is an historic school building at 21 Highland Street in Southborough, Massachusetts. The two story brick, cast stone, and wood Classical Revival building was designed by Frank Irving Cooper of the Boston architectural firm of Cooper & Bailey, and built 1911–12. It is architecturally structured somewhat like a classical column: an elevated basement level, topped by a water table, constitutes the base of the column, the two main floors resemble the body of the column, and the buildings cornice and parapet resemble its capital. The school was built to consolidate the schooling of the towns elementary school students from the nearby Cordaville and Southville villages, as part of a series of construction projects to modernize the towns public facilities. It underwent major renovation in the 1950s to improve its infrastructure, including the construction of a cafeteria in the basement, before closing in the early 1970s. It was shortly afterward reopened to serve the towns kindergarten population, which it served until 1980. In 1981 the building was repurposed to become the home of the Southborough Arts Center.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Pleasant Street School is an historic school building at 54 Pleasant Street in Spencer, Massachusetts. The two story Victorial Eclectic brick building was designed by the Worcester firm of Fuller & Delano, and built in 1883 by J. D. Morton. It follows a cruciform plan, with a large pavilion projecting from the main facade. The paired main entrances  are on the sides of this projecting section.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996,</p><br>
<p>The Jedediah Foster Homesite is a historic archeological site on Foster Hill Road in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. The 0.5 acre site was the location of the stately 18th century home of Jedediah Foster, which was built in 1735 by his father-in-law, Joseph Dwight. Dwight  was a leading military figure in colonial Massachusetts, and was active locally in public service. Foster  was one of the most influential figures of his day in central Massachusetts. He served in the provincial assembly from 1761 to 1775, and supported American independence. In 1779 he was a member of the select committee of the constitutional convention that drafted the Massachusetts State Constitution . Fosters home remained in family hands until it was given to the Quaboag Historical Society in 1902. It was shortly afterward destroyed by fire, and only foundations and other remnants survive. It is now a small local park.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Society Meeting House  is an historic meeting house at 20 Main Street in Millbury, Massachusetts. The -story Greek Revival church was designed by Elias Carter and built in 1828 for a Presbyterian congregation that had been established the previous year. The main facade has a full-height portico with four columns supporting a triangular pediment. It is three bays wide, with long narrow round-arch windows in the side bays, and the main entrance in the center, topped by a half-round fanlight. The interior has retained much of its original woodwork, despite renovations in 1862 in which the main hall was reoriented from west to east.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Oxford Main Street Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the historic center of Oxford, Massachusetts. The 95 acre district extends along Main Street from Huguenot Street in the south to Front Street in the north. Its oldest buildings are residential houses built in the late 19th century, while most of the properties were built in the 19th century, with Greek Revival architecture predominating. The oldest commercial building, the John Wetherell Store, was built c. 1817, and now houses offices. The district includes four churches, including the 1793 Universalist church and 1829 First Congregational Church, and a number of municipal buildings, including the town hall, two schools, and the 1903 Classical Revival Charles Larned Memorial Library.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Marissa Academy is a historic school building located at 610 S. Main St. in Marissa, Illinois. The building was built in 1891 for the Marissa Academy, a college preparatory academy which had graduated its first class two years prior. The private school was the first college preparatory school in the area. Graduating students at the academy could enroll at Monmouth College without taking a qualifying examination under a special arrangement. In 1900, the academy closed after a public high school opened in Marissa. The building has since been used as a meeting hall for community groups and as additional space for Marissa&#39;s elementary school. It is now the headquarters of the Marissa Historical and Genealogical Society.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1994.</p><br>
<p>There was a devastating fire on January 15, 2015, which destroyed most of the building and damaged much of the historical artifacts inside. The historical and genealogical society have set up shop in the old dollar store in Marissa. As yet they don&#39;t have all salvaged items (books, files) back from Smoke Services, but all of the newspaper microfilm and a new reader printer on which to view it are at the new facility.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood Cemetery is a historic municipal cemetery located at Norfolk, Virginia. It was established in 1853, and is filled with monuments and mausoleums that embody the pathos and symbolism of the Christian view of death as a temporary sleep. A notable monument is the Recording Angel by William Couper  at the Couper Family plot. The Core Mausoleum  designed by Harold Van Buren Magonigle , with sculptures by Edward Field Sanford, Jr. , is another notable resource.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. It is contiguous with West Point Cemetery, listed in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Pauline Adams (1874–1957) was an attorney and suffragette.</p><br>
<p>Asa Biggs (1811–1878) was a USA Senator and Congressman.</p><br>
<p>William M. Carr (1829–1884) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the USA military&#39;s highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.</p><br>
<p>John F. Dezendorf (1834–1894) was a USA Congressman from Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Face (1923–2001) was an American inventor and co-developer of some of the most important advances in concrete floor technology and wireless controls.</p><br>
<p>Captain William Face (1827–1894) served as Acting Master of CSS Teaser during the Battle of Hampton Roads (March 8–9, 1862).</p><br>
<p>Sarah Lee Odend&#39;hal Fain (1888–1962) was a schoolteacher and politician from Virginia. With Helen Timmons Henderson, in 1923 she was one of the first two women elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, and to the Virginia General Assembly as a whole. She is buried next to her husband, Walter Colquitt Fain (1888–1974).</p><br>
<p>Vice Admiral Albert Weston Grant (1856–1930) was a naval officer who served during the Spanish-American War and World War I.</p><br>
<p>Hugh Blair Grigsby (1806–1881) was a historian and author, and owner and editor of Norfolk&#39;s American Beacon newspaper.</p><br>
<p>Robert M. Hughes (1855–1940) was a Virginia lawmaker who served as a president of The Virginia Bar Association and helped to establish what would become Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>William Lamb (1835–1909) was an American newspaper editor, politician, businessman, and soldier, noted for his role as a Confederate States Army officer in commanding the Confederate garrison at Fort Fisher at the mouth of the Cape Fear River during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Francis Mallory (1807–1860) was a USA Congressman, American naval officer, railroad executive, and physician.</p><br>
<p>Lucien D. Starke (1826–1902), state legislator, attorney, and newspaper publisher</p><br>
<p>Lucien D. Starke Jr. (1868–1931), attorney and newspaper publisher</p><br>
<p>Colonel Walter H. Taylor (1838–1916) was adjutant to Robert E. Lee during the Civil War and later a Virginia politician, author, banker, lawyer, and railroad executive.</p><br>
<p>Governor Littleton Waller Tazewell, Sr. (1774–1860) was a USA Senator and 26th Governor of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Seaboard Air Line Railway Building, also known as the Wainwright Building, is a historic office building located in Norfolk, Virginia. It was built in 1925–1926 as headquarters for Seaboard Air Line Railroad. It is a nine-story, 92,000 square-foot, steel reinforced concrete building. It is V-shaped and faced in textured yellow brick with numerous stone decorative elements in the Late Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. The building was converted to luxury apartments in 2013 and is now known as The Wainwright Downtown.</p><br>
<p>Fort Mattapony/Ryefield is a historic archaeological site located near Walkerton, King and Queen County, Virginia. The Fort Mattapony/Ryefield archeological sites, which has been dated archeologically to the fourth quarter of the 17th century, are located in a one-acre area on prominent grassy hilltop overlooking the Mattaponi River, Walkerton and Locust Grove. Collectively designated 44KQ7 in Virginia&#39;s official inventory of archeological sites, the site consists of two closely associated components, the Fort Mattapony storehouse and a domestic structure called Ryefield. After abandonment of the fort at the close of the 17th century and the domestic structure by the mid-18th century, a later colonial plantation, Locust Grove, developed in the surrounding area, which continues to be occupied by descendants.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the Fort Mattapony/Ryefield archaeological sites are located was first patented by Edward Digges in 1653. Digges, who shortly thereafter became Governor of Virginia, deserted his patent, and in 1665 it was granted to Lt. Colonel Thomas Walker, in whose family it has remained ever since.</p><br>
<p>Both Digges and Walkers patents refer to the 2,300 acre grant as the Mattapony Fort tract, strongly suggesting that by 1653 a fortification of some sort was, or had been, located wi thin the confines of the property. Documentary research, however, does not indicate that an officially sanctioned fort was ever built on the tract during the first half of the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>Instead, the Diggs-Walker tract may have been called Fort Mattapony because earlier settlers built a palisaded house, or fort, somewhere on the property. This was the type of fortified home colonists were encouraged to construct for their own defense, due to violation of the Treaty of 1646. This treaty stated that the land on the Northside of the York River was reserved for the Indians, and yet by 1653 settlement had spread both north and westward into that territory. Consequently, the Fort Mattapony tract lay within the frontier interface between the Indians and the English, a likely location for a fortified house.</p><br>
<p>In April 1679, the Grand Assembly "took into sad and serious consideration the sundry murthers, rapins, and many depredations lately committed and done by the Indians on the inhabitants of the country" and passed an act ordering the establishment of a fort at the head of each of the colonys four major rivers, the Potomac, the Rappahannock, the York, and the James. These forts were to be built above the Indian towns "for the defense of the County against the incursions of the Indian enemy" and were perhaps an official response to the conditions which had preceded Bacons Rebellion. According to the 1679 Act of Assembly, each fort was to consist of a 22 foot by 60 foot sturdily constructed frame storehouse, built for the use of the men to be garrisoned there and a 10-foot square building to house their ammunition. The fort on the York River was to be located on the Mattaponi River, its northernmost branch, and was called Fort Mattapony.</p><br>
<p>Fort Mattapony was ordered constructed and outfitted by Captain Richard Johnson, whose home plantation lay between the Mastacock and Pesticock Swamps to the south of Thomas Walker&#39;s land. The fact he was charged with that responsibility suggests that the Walkers were not yet occupying the tract and that Johnson was the nearest militia officer.</p><br>
<p>40 men were originally assigned to Fort Mattapony. These men were to keep watch over their area and interrogate any Indians they encountered. Men from New Kent, York, and one-third of Gloucester County (now King and Queen County) were to supply and complete the garrison at Fort Mattapony. Four Indians native to the vicinity of each fort were to be in attendance at each garrison. All military units were to be completed by June 20, 1679, or two months from the time the act was passed authorizing construction of the forts. One year later, on July 8, 1680, the Executive Council ordered that each garrison be reduced to twenty men, ten of whom would be local militia, and ten, "his Majesty&#39;s soldiers." On July 22, 1680, Sir Henry Chickeley offered thirty-two of his soldiers to be divided among the four garrisons. The provincial soldiers they replaced were to be sent home with neither arms nor horses. This reduction of Fort Mattapony may have been in part due to the 1680 peace established between the Iroquois and the English, as well as the poor market price obtained for tobacco. The need for forts and their protection had seemingly lessened, as had the fiscal wherewithal to support them</p><br>
<p>Fort Mattapony was decommissioned in 1682</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Newington Archaeological Site is a historic plantation and archaeological site located at King and Queen Courthouse, King and Queen County, Virginia. It was the birthplace and childhood home of Founding Father Carter Braxton, a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Both the original plantation and its reconstruction had burnt down by the first decade of the 20th century. The property contains both archaeological ruins and surviving landscape elements from the former 18th century plantation. While a stone building is the only above ground 18th century structure remaining, among other ruins, the location of the plantation mansion, two outbuilding foundations, and two cellars have been identified. The existing landscape elements include a cemetery, historic road, and the terraces of a falling garden. The property also contains Native American deposits associated mostly with the Woodland period .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Gulfport Veterans Administration Medical Center Historic District, also known as Centennial Plaza, is a 48 acres compound located in Gulfport, Mississippi. The facility operated as a medical center under the Veterans Administration from the 1920s until 2005, when damage from Hurricane Katrina resulted in its closure. The property was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2010 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Development of the property began in 1916, when it was selected as the site for Mississippi&#39;s centennial statehood celebration. The centennial exposition was set to open in the autumn of 1917, but with the advent of World War I, the event was never held.</p><br>
<p>In support of the war, Mississippi leased the property, including the temporary centennial exhibition buildings, to the USA Navy for use as a training facility. When the war ended, the USA Public Health Service took over the lease, and in 1921, opened a hospital for neuropsychiatric care of military servicemen. In 1922, the hospital was transferred to the USA Veterans&#39; Bureau. That same year, the Bureau purchased the property from the State of Mississippi and began construction of several buildings that were completed in 1923. As time passed, medical services increased and additional buildings were constructed to accommodate more veterans.</p><br>
<p>The medical center continued to operate into the 21st century, but closed after Hurricane Katrina&#39;s storm surge caused the collapse of one structure and flooding of the other buildings to a depth of 4 ft. Following storm cleanup, the Veterans Administration transferred the property to the City of Gulfport in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing resources</h2><br>
<p>The historic district contains twelve contributing resources, ten of which are historic buildings that were constructed between 1920 and 1950 in Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style. The historic buildings were constructed using poured concrete, terra cotta brick with stucco finishes, and terra cotta tile roofs. In the post-hurricane cleanup, the interiors of all ten buildings were gutted in preparation for future renovation.</p><br>
<p>The two contributing resources that are not buildings include the main entry gates and the site landscape which incorporated southern live oaks around the perimeter of each building. The ten historic buildings are as follows:</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>Development of the property as a community oriented marketplace, utilized existing buildings to create retail outlets, restaurants, and hotels.</p><br>
<h3>Mississippi bicentennial celebration</h3><br>
<p>The bicentennial celebration for south Mississippi was held at Centennial Plaza on March 31 and April 1, 2017. During the event, the U. S. Postal Service introduced a first-day-of-issue forever stamp to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Mississippi statehood. Approximately 25,000 people attended the two-day celebration.</p><br>
<h3>Resort development</h3><br>
<p>In August 2019, Centennial Plaza Resort opened to the public. The US$100 million development included renovation of 10 historical buildings within the 48 acres complex. When the new resort opened, it had two hotels containing over 200 rooms, two full-service restaurants, a 3 acres water park (splash pads, slides, pool), and a wedding chapel so as to accommodate both business and family clientele.</p><br>
<p>Fincastle Historic District is a national historic district located at Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. It encompasses nine contributing buildings in the central business district of Fincastle. The district resources portray an excellent example of a typical small 19th century town. The buildings include examples of Late Victorian, Greek Revival, and Gothic Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Botetourt County Courthouse  and jail, Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church, St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church , the Peck House, Selander House , Ammen House , and Kyle House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Bowyer-Holladay House, also known as the Lewis Holladay House, is a historic archaeological site located near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. The site is located in The Botetourt Center at Greenfield industrial park. The site consists of the ruins of an Early Republic/Federal Style two-story brick house with a limestone lined cellar in a rear-centered ell configuration. The house was part of the plantation complex commonly referred to as the "Holladay Place." In addition to the ruins of the main house, a log structure with an early timber and modern frame addition survives 25 feet north of the bulkhead entrance to the limestone cellar.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Roaring Run Furnace is a historic fiery furnace located in Jefferson National Forest near Eagle Rock, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built about 1832, and reflects the national and statewide economics of the iron industry during the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The furnace is on the northeastern corner of the Hoop hole wild area.</p><br>
<p>Whitesville School, also known as Sherman District Junior High School, Whitesville Junior High School, and Whitesville Elementary School, is a historic school building located at Whitesville, Boone County, West Virginia. It was built in 1931, and is a two-story, blonde brick Art Deco style building. It sits on a raised basement and has an original two-story gymnasium/auditorium addition in the rear. It features two entrance areas that extend from the main elevation and upward through the roofline in a "tower" formation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Rutter Store is a historic commercial building located at 7346 Illinois Route 15 in St. Libory, Illinois. Merchant and German immigrant Heinrich Rutter constructed the building in 1849 as a general store. The building became a commercial and social center for St. Libory, as it house a variety of other businesses in addition to the villages main store. The St. Libory post office became part of the building in 1856 and remained there until 1990, when it moved to a new building. Rutter operated a hotel and a bar in the building from the late 1850s until World War I, and a doctors office occupied the second floor during the 1870s. The general store closed in 1986, and the building was later converted to a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Majestic Theatre is a historic movie theater located at 240–246 Collinsville Ave. in East St. Louis, Illinois. Built in 1928, the theater replaced a 1907 theater which had burned down. The Spanish Gothic theater was designed by the Boller Brothers, who were nationally prominent theater architects. Multicolored tiles decorate the building&#39;s front façade, forming patterned mosaics. The front façade also features piers with decorative peaks and tall arched windows. The theater attracted numerous celebrities to its grand opening, and it represented several firsts among East St. Louis cinemas; it was the first in the city with a modern air conditioning system and the first in Southern Illinois to show talkies. The theater closed in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district located on the 1000 block of Pennsylvania Avenue in East St. Louis, Illinois. The district includes four houses as well as the sites of two demolished homes. The historic district was once a prestigious area of the city known as "Quality Hill", and it contained well-built homes designed in popular architectural styles. However, East St. Louis entered a severe decline due to the loss of its industry, racial discrimination, and a corrupt and mismanaged city government. The historic district suffered the same fate as the city; the district is marked by vacant lots and abandoned buildings, and all but one of the houses had been vacated or demolished by the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>As of 1979, four houses were still standing in the district; all four are contributing buildings. The Joyce House, located at 1005 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a Renaissance Revival house built in 1901. The Katherine Dunham Museum now occupies the house; it is the only house in the district which is still occupied. The John A. Campbell House, located at 1023 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a 1907 Queen Anne house designed by Albert B. Frankel. The Malburn M. Stephens House, located at 1010 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a Georgian Revival house built in 1902; its namesake owner served as mayor of East St. Louis for 22 years. The Thomas L. Fekete House, located at 1018 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a vernacular house built in 1896. The sites of two demolished houses, the Reid-Nims House and Derleth-McLean House, are included in the district as non-contributing sites.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 27, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Springfield Brick House, also known as Frenchwood, is a historic home located at Springfield, Hampshire County, West Virginia. It was built about 1855 and is a two-story, five-bay, orange-red brick building with an L-shaped plan. It features a three-bay front porch with a hipped roof supported by Doric order columns. The house has a blend of Georgian and Greek Revival design elements. Also on the property is a contributing well.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church, also historically known as Mill Church, Nicholas Church, and Pine Church, is a mid-19th century church located near to Purgitsville, West Virginia, United States. It is among the earliest extant log churches in Hampshire County, along with Capon Chapel and Mount Bethel Church.</p><br>
<p>The church was constructed in 1838 to serve as a nondenominational "union church". As many of the Mill Creek valleys earliest settlers were of German descent, Old Pine Church may also have been built as a meeting place for Schwarzenau Brethren adherents, known as "Dunkers" or "Dunkards". The church is believed to have also been a meeting place for German Methodist settlers. By 1870, the church was primarily used by the Brethren denomination, and in 1878, the churchs congregation split into White Pine Church of the Brethren and Old Pine Church congregations. Both congregations continued to use the church until 1907.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church reportedly housed a school in the early 20th century while still serving as a center for worship. In 1968, residents of the Purgitsville community raised the necessary funds to perform a restoration of the church. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2012, due to its "significant settlement-era rural religious architecture in the Potomac Highlands."</p><br>
<p>The church is a large, one-story, gablefront log building sheathed in brown-painted wooden German siding. The original hewn log beams are visible beneath the church, with some bark remaining on the logs. The churchs interior ceiling measures approximately 15 ft in height and is clad in pressed metal panels. Several of its pews date from 1857. In the churchs adjoining cemetery, the earliest extant gravestone dates from 1834, and several unmarked interment sites may exist from as early as 1759. According to architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi, "Old Pine Church and cemetery is an excellent example of one of the area&#39;s early rural church complexes."</p><br>
<h2>Geography and setting</h2><br>
<p>Old Pine Church and its cemetery are located along the steeply sloped Old Pine Church Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 220/15), approximately 1.66 mi south of the unincorporated community of Purgitsville. The church and cemetery are situated on 2.3 acre atop a bluff to the west of United States Route 220, at an elevation of 1,129 ft. The property is surrounded by old-growth forests.</p><br>
<p>The church is in a rural area of southwestern Hampshire County within the Mill Creek valley. Patterson Creek Mountain, a forested narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises to the west of Mill Creek valley, and the forested western rolling foothills of the anticlinal Mill Creek Mountain rise to the valley&#39;s east. The Trough on the South Branch Potomac River is located across Mill Creek Mountain, approximately 3 mi to the east of the church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Old Pine Churchs land tract was originally part of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a land grant that the exiled Charles II awarded to seven of his supporters in 1649 during the English Interregnum. Following the Restoration in 1660, Charles II finally ascended to the English throne. Charles II renewed the Northern Neck Proprietary grant in 1662, revised it in 1669, and again renewed the original grant favoring original grantee Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper and Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington in 1672. In 1681, Bennet sold his share to Lord Colepeper, and Lord Colepeper received a new charter for the entire land grant from James II in 1688. Following the deaths of Lord Colepeper, his wife Margaret, and his daughter Katherine, the Northern Neck Proprietary passed to Katherines son Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1719.</p><br>
<p>The church is in the Mill Creek valley. As tensions with Native Americans were beginning to ease, Lord Fairfax sought to entice white settlers to the sparsely settled lands of his Northern Neck Proprietary. The valley was one of the first parts of present-day Hampshire County to be settled by whites, beginning in the mid-18th century. Settlers were drawn by the valley&#39;s fertility. it was named for Henry Purgitt (or Purgate), who acquired 400 acres in the Mill Creek valley on January 7, 1785, and received a further land transfer of 137 acres in 1794. Purgitsville continued to develop throughout the course of the 19th century, during which time it grew to include a small store, a post office, and a blacksmith shop.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment</h3><br>
<p>The dates of the earliest church cannot be verified, but a church building may have been constructed at the site of Old Pine Church as early as around 1814, and possibly as early as 1792.</p><br>
<p>On September 24, 1838, William Pomkrotz and his wife, Milly, deeded a tract of land to a group of trustees, charged with constructing "a church or house for public worship for the use and convenience of Ministers and others of the Christians Denominations Whatsoever". While the deed mentioned an existing meeting house on the site, there is no extant evidence of a prior structure. According to architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi, no particular Christian denomination received sole ownership of the edifice, which suggests that the church was intended to serve as a nondenominational "union church". The churchs earliest resident minister was reportedly Nicholas Leatherman, whose wife, Elizabeth High, was the daughter of George High, one of the churchs original trustees.</p><br>
<h3>Brethren affiliation</h3><br>
<p>Few records of the churchs history exist, possibly because no single denomination or organization took ownership. It is believed that Old Pine Church was also used by German Methodists. Triune immersion consists of dipping a new believer into water three times, once for each of the entities of the Holy Trinity. Brethren adherents believed only in the New Testament, and professed no other creeds. The interior of Old Pine Church, which consists of a single common space for all worshippers, also illustrates the buildings connection with the Brethren and the denomination&#39;s beliefs regarding slavery. According to the minutes from the 1782 meeting of the Brethren in Franklin County, Virginia, "It has been unanimously considered that it cannot be permitted in any way by the church that a member should purchase Negroes or keep them as Slaves." While many residents in Hampshire County prior to the American Civil War were slaveholders, it is thought that Brethren adherents in the county did not own slaves or depend upon slave labor.</p><br>
<p>The Brethren denomination had been present in the South Branch Potomac River valley from as early as the 1750s although records of early Brethren congregations are not extant, possibly because they were served by itinerant ministers. In Dr. Emmert F. Bittinger&#39;s historical research on the Brethren Church in Hampshire County in his Allegheny Passage (1990), it is noted that the Church of the Brethren denomination recognized Old Pine Church as belonging to the larger Beaver Run congregation, which was centered approximately 10 mi south of Old Pine Church. Because of its location in the vicinity of the Hardy County boundary line, the district served by the church spanned both counties.</p><br>
<p>By 1870, Old Pine Church was primarily used by the Brethren denomination. By 1897, Old Pine Church remained under collective ownership by several Christian denominations although the Brethren were the church&#39;s largest shareholders. White Pine Church of the Brethren remained listed in the Brethren Conference Minutes as "Pine Church" until 1912, when members of the church petitioned the Brethren Conference to change their name from "Pine" to "White Pine".</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church reportedly housed a school in the early 20th century while still serving as a center for worship. A small one-room addition to the church was constructed to the north façade of the building, which served as the boarding room for the school&#39;s teacher. The Old Pine Church also continued to be used for funeral services and reunions.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1968, residents of the Purgitsville community raised the necessary funds to restore Old Pine Church: the church&#39;s original windows were repaired and the unpainted weatherboards painted; a new roof was installed and the original wood floor replaced. The boarding room addition was probably removed (nothing of it now remains) and the pressed metal ceiling may have been added.</p><br>
<h3>Current use</h3><br>
<p>As of 2012, Old Pine Church is still used for community gatherings, funeral services, revival meetings, and an annual church service.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission and the Hampshire County Commission embarked upon an initiative to place structures and districts on the National Register of Historic Places following a series of surveys of historic properties throughout the county. The county received funding for the surveying and documentation of Hampshire County architecture and history from the State Historic Preservation Office of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Old Pine Church was one of the first eight historic properties to be considered for placement on the register as a result of the countys initiative. The other seven properties were: Capon Chapel, Fort Kuykendall, Hickory Grove, Hook Tavern, North River Mills Historic District, Springfield Brick House, and Valley View. According to Hampshire County Commissions compliance officer, Charles Baker, places of worship were not typically selected for inclusion in the register; Old Pine Church and Capon Chapel were exceptions because both "started out as meeting houses". Old Pine Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2012, because of its "significant settlement-era rural religious architecture in the Potomac Highlands".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Church exterior</h3><br>
<p>Old Pine Church is a large, one-story, gablefront log building. Its symmetrical front façade faces west and encompasses a main entrance consisting of a double set of four-paneled doors. The main entrance is reached by two concrete steps, on either side of which is a modern metal handrail. Above the entrance is a small wooden sign painted white reading "Old Pine Church" in black lettering. On either side of the doors are two nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows.</p><br>
<p>Placed symmetrically in the north and south sides of the church are two nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows. Between the two windows on the churchs north elevation is an exterior concrete block chimney. The layout of the east-facing rear elevation of the church is also symmetrical, and features three nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows, with the center window placed above and between the other two windows. The churchs windows have been repaired using materials consistent with original construction.</p><br>
<p>At the base of each of the churchs four corners is a large uncut stone pier. Fieldstones span the churchs perimeter foundations, which were added at a later date to discourage intrusion by animals. The original hewn log beams, still retaining bark, can be seen under the church. The church is covered with brown-painted wooden German siding and is crowned by a modern standing-seam metal roof.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi states that the simple form and construction of Old Pine Church are indicative of the early settlers access to materials and are an example of the log construction techniques used in the religious architecture of Hampshire Countys earliest settlers. She adds that Old Pine Church is representative of a "simple design and form common to the early ecclesiastical buildings" and an "excellent example of one of the area&#39;s early rural church complexes".</p><br>
<h3>Church interior</h3><br>
<p>The churchs interior exhibits an open architectural plan. A plain wooden frame pulpit stands against the rear wall, underneath the middle window. The churchs floor consists of pine boards installed during the church&#39;s 1968 restoration.</p><br>
<p>The churchs ceiling, measuring approximately 15 ft in height, is clad in pressed metal panels. A small opening allows for access to the churchs attic. The unadorned window wells measure approximately 1 ft. The interior walls are covered in plasterboard, which remains unfinished.</p><br>
<p>The churchs small wood-burning stove originally occupied the center of the sanctuary but was moved to the churchs north wall in later years. It continues to serve as the church&#39;s sole source of heat.</p><br>
<p>Several of the churchs pews date from 1857 and remain in use. The pews, quite simple in form, have a "minimalist appearance". Each pew consists of a long wooden plank that serves as the seat, with a thin rail supported by three spindles as the backrest. The pews are supported by three arched supports joined to the seat by a mortise and tenon joint and reinforced with nails. The newer pews exhibit identical design elements but are constructed with modern nails and timber. Though most of the pews are arranged against the churchs west elevation with a center aisle, two are along the north elevation and four are along the south elevation. The pulpit is situated at the east elevation. There is an upright piano in the northeastern corner of the church.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Old Pine Church is surrounded on three sides by a cemetery containing approximately 200 interments, the oldest section of which is located to the immediate east and south of the church building. The earliest remaining gravestone dates from 1834, but several unmarked interment sites in the surrounding cemetery may date from as early as 1759. The churchs sign along USA Route 220 erroneously lists the date of the cemeterys oldest interment sites as 1792.</p><br>
<p>The cemeterys headstones are oriented both to the east and to the west. The majority are simple in design, inscribed with birth and death dates, and consist of a combination of rounded, arched stones, rectangular stones, and pyramidal-shaped obelisks that appear to be cut from limestone. In the cemeterys southern section are several small rectangular stones that probably serve as footstones. Beginning around 1950, the gravestones erected in the cemetery became more intricate with polished granite surfaces lying atop rough-cut stone foundations.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church&#39;s cemetery is surrounded by several mature trees, with a large oak tree overhanging the southwestern area of the cemetery. Outside of the National Register of Historic Places boundary to the northwest of Old Pine Church lies a second parcel of land acquired around 1950 for additional burials. The cemetery is enclosed by a chicken wire fence supported by wooden posts, with a large gate to the north of the church which allows machinery access into the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Hickory Grove is a historic home located near Romney, Hampshire County, West Virginia. It was built in 1849, and is a three-story, red brick dwelling. It sits on a stone foundation and has a hipped, standing-seam metal roof with four large brick chimneys. The front facade features a Greek Revival style trabeated entrance. The north section was built in 1892, and replaced an earlier log structure.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Ross Booth Memorial Bridge, historically known as the Winfield Toll Bridge, also known as, is a historic three-span cantilever Warren Truss bridge located at Winfield and Red House, Putnam County, West Virginia. It was built in 1955, and spans the Kanawha River, carrying West Virginia Route 34. The cantilever through-truss consists of two anchor spans each 245 ft in length and the main span 462 ft in length between pier center lines. The main span consists of two 128 ft cantilever arms and a 205 ft suspended span.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Harrisville Historic District is a national historic district located at Harrisville, Ritchie County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 111 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 15 contributing structures in Harrisville. It includes residential, commercial, and governmental buildings dating from the mid-19th through mid-20th century. They are in variety of popular architectural styles including Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival. Notable buildings include the Heritage Inn , the Lowther Building , Lowther House , the Trading Post, the Deem Building, the Lawrence Building , railroad passenger depot , St. Luke&#39;s United Methodist Church , Harrisville Church of Christ , Stout</p><br>
<p>Hardware, and Berdine&#39;s 5&10 Variety Store (1915). Located in the district are the separately listed Ritchie County Courthouse and the Harrisville Grade School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Buckhannon Central Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at Buckhannon, Upshur County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 344 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 11 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in Buckhannon. It consists of primarily single family residential homes dating from the mid-19th through mid-20th century. They are in variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow. Notable contributing resources include historic brick sidewalks, Works Progress Administration sidewalks and logos, Jawbone Park, the Charles Gibson City Library building, the Liberty in Christ Church , First United Methodist Church , the First Baptist Church , the African Methodist Episcopal  Church , Victoria or Central School, and 79 East Main Street .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key is a former United States Coast Guard facility located in Dinner Key, Miami, Florida. It was built next to the International Pan American Airport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A United States Naval Air Station was established on Dinner Key in 1917. NAS Dinner Key, commanded by Lt. Cdr. Marc Mitscher, was the second largest naval air facility in the USA and was used to train seaplane pilots. The Air Station was closed shortly after the end of World War I. Later an airport was built here by Pan Am. The Navy took over the site during World War II, operating there from 1943 until 1945.</p><br>
<p>The United States Coast Guard operated a Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key from 1932 until 1965, when operations were transferred to Coast Guard Air Station Miami at Opa-locka Airport. The former barracks and mess building were added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1995. On December 19, 2002, the US Coast Guard Air Station Hangar at Dinner Key was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Ford Motor Company - Columbus Assembly Plant is a historic building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The Ford plant was constructed in 1914, to designs by John Graham. The plant operated until 1939. In later years, it became the Kroger Co. Columbus Bakery, operating until 2019. The building was sold in 2020, and is planned to be redeveloped into a large residential complex, announced in 2021. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2021.</p><br>
<p>The former Ford plant sits on a 9.5 acre site along with 457 Cleveland Avenue to its north, built in 1927 as a Kroger bakery. Together the buildings total 375,000 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Ford Motor Company relied on a network of sales agencies-dealers which agreed to sell Model T cars, stock parts, and provide mechanics services. Ford initially manufactured fully assembled cars in Detroit and then "knocked them down" (took off the wheels and otherwise prepared them for shipment) and shipped them to dealers. The agents in distant cities reassembled the knocked-down cars before sale. To better serve the network of sales dealerships. Ford took direct control of agencies in New York and Philadelphia in 1905 and the following year established company-owned branches in Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, and Kansas City, initially in leased buildings. Ford branches also sold Ford cars in addition to assembling vehicles for delivery to dealerships. Ford sold over 200,000 autos in 1914, with 80 percent of sales originating from the companys twenty-nine branches. As Ford sales continued to increase, the company built additional branch assembly plants in company-owned buildings, most of which were designed by Architect Albert Kahn.</p><br>
<p>The Ford system of branch plants was so successful that the company&#39;s competitors soon adopted the practice. Chevrolet, for example, established four branch assembly plants in 1915-1916 throughout the United States. Ford Branch Assembly Plants were located in Atlanta, Buffalo, Cambridge, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Fargo, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Long Island City, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, Ore., San Francisco, Seattle and St. Louis.</p><br>
<h3>Building history</h3><br>
<p>The structure was built in 1914 and designed by John Graham & Company. John Graham was a Seattle architect working in the Ford architecture department in Highland Park, Michigan. Graham was the designer of several branch plants, including plants in Seattle, Cambridge, Houston, Dallas, Columbus, Cincinnati, Atlanta, and Pittsburgh. Architect Albert Kahn was responsible for nearly all of the remaining 1920s generation of branch assembly plants. As a branch assembly plant of the Ford Motor Company, beginning in 1914 the Columbus plant assembled the Ford Model T automobile. The plant processed components that arrived by train. The automobiles were assembled at the plant for delivery to local dealers. The shipping boxes were sized so that the wood from the empty boxes could be used as floorboards for the automobiles. The plant was closed in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The building housed the Kroger Co. Columbus Bakery until 2019. It was purchased by developers in March 2020 for $8.15 million. In April 2021, plans were unveiled for a 448-unit residential complex on the site, renovating the two existing buildings while adding three more. The development would be primarily residential, though a portion is set to hold restaurant space. Parking is predominantly set for within residential buildings; 420 of 599 proposed spaces. Large portions of the site will be landscaped into park space, a pool, dog park, and athletic courts.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2021.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Hill Plantation is a mid 19th-century plantation house located within the community of Inez, part of Warrenton in Warren County, North Carolina. The interior decoration was simple yet elegant, showcasing the Victorian taste for artificiality, and was built in the early 19th century by George Washington Alston and his wife, Marina Priscilla Williams.</p><br>
<p>Operated by the Cherry Hill Historical Foundation, the plantation now hosts concerts, performances, weddings, and other social functions. The house is located one hour away from the state capital, Raleigh.</p><br>
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<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Washington Alston (1801–1849) and his wife, Marine Williams Alston (1810–1897) lived at Old Cherry Hill, an early Alston home located several hundred yards behind the present house. Their three children, William, Philip, and George were all born at Old Cherry Hill and were still young boys at the time of their father&#39;s death. George and Marina had planned to build a new home, but these plans were interrupted by his death. After he became aware of his failing health, John Buxton Williams, whom he had made guardian of the three boys, proceeded with the building of the house.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Hill Plantation was built by John Waddell in 1858. Waddell was named the master builder of the plantation after Jacob Holt entrusted him with the responsibility of the task. When George Washington Alston died, he left the plantation to his wife. The Alston family also shared connections to several other large landowners. Marina Priscilla Williams commissioned the construction of the present building. The owners of this plantation were associated with other plantations in Warren County, Myrtle Lawn and Tusculum. They were also associated with the Linwood Farms, Rocky Hill, and Vine Hill Plantations in Franklin County.</p><br>
<p>During the time of the construction, there were ninety slaves on the estate with fourteen slave houses. The plantation consisted of 500 acres of improved land and 1500 acres unimproved, used for timber, grazing, etc.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>There is a low fence around the house, and octagonal gazebos in the two corners of the front yard. There is an ice-house just north of the fence, and an octagonal well house with lattice walls just west of the back fence. Amethyst, the fine gem, can be found underneath the Cherry Hill home.</p><br>
<p>John A. Waddell used the skills he learned from the Holt school when he was building Cherry Hill. He incorporated Holt&#39;s blending of new and ornate Italianate and Gothic Revival styles with the traditional Greek Revival into the home design. A trefoil theme was used to model the porch, creating an ogee arch. The doors are painted to resemble various woods, such as rosewood and the baseboards are made to resemble gray or black marble. The interior decoration was simple but elegant, showcasing the Victorian taste for artificiality The piano for the composer or pianist to play was placed in the front hall, and the first thing visitors see upon entering the house. The front hall was designed using the axil plan: having one central hall and two equal-size rooms on both sides. The rooms were used for extra seating for concert listeners. There are two staircases within the house as well. The staircase on the northern side of the plantation was built for women who wore hooped dresses as well as serving as extra seating during concerts. The second staircase is located at the south side of the house and was used mostly by men. The guest composers would spend the night upstairs in the north bedroom the night before their concert. The south-end bedroom was used primarily for the children to stay in. The master bedroom, where Marina Alston slept, is located downstairs. A unique feature is the two closets built inside the room, as many homes during that time did not have a closet inside of the rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building was structured to highlight the supreme southern hospitality.</p><br>
<h2>Concert theater</h2><br>
<p>Concerts were not played at Cherry Hill until Edgar Thorne came along. Edgar Thorne began buying out the other owners of the property in the 1960s. He deeded the house and 14 acres of the property to the Cherry Hill Historical Foundation in 1982 and continued to live there with his sister until her death in 1998, establishing the Cherry Hill Concert Series and caring for the house. The plantation soon became well known for its outstanding concerts. Three concerts were held in the fall and three in the spring due to the lack of central heating and air conditioning. Guests could sit in the same room as the composer, or in either of the two rooms that were close to the composer. Many of them also sat on the first stairwell of the house, and if there were several guests, they sat on the opposite stairwell. The composers consisted of pianists and violinists. The grand piano that now sits in the front of the house was put there in 2001, replacing the Steinway Grand that was previously there. Edgar Thorne died in 2004. It was his dream that the Cherry Hill Historical Foundation continue the classical concert series that he and his sister began in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Today, Cherry Hill holds concerts throughout the year except during the summer unless it is a special occasion. Each concert averages between 35 and 60 guests during each concert. The concepts and design that Edgar Thorne had are still the same, keeping everything as original as possible.</p><br>
